attempt not to undermine empire but to substitute one empire for another (the Christian empire in place of the Roman empire). Thus Paul’s politics were as flawed as Rome’s. The apostle’s flawed political views were no doubt informed by his flawed views of gender and his embrace of patriarchy. One contemporary application that she drew from the scripture was this. The current American political system is also flawed because it is organized on the basis of a patriarchal definition of the family. The